Since the early middle ages, from 1100 to 1400, Europe was besieged with various plagues and diseases. The one which occurred in London during 1665 was the worst outbreak since the black death of 1348. London lost roughly 15% of its population. While 68,596 deaths were recorded in the city, the true number was probably over 100,000. The earliest cases of disease occurred in the spring of 1665 in a parish outside the city walls called St Giles-in-the-Fields. The death rate began to rise during the hot summer months and peaked in September when 7,165 Londoners died in one week. Rats carried the fleas that caused the plague. They were attracted by city streets filled with rubbish and waste, especially in the poorest areas. Everyone who could, including doctors, lawyers and merchants, fled the city. King Charles II and his courtiers left in July for Hampton Court and then Oxford. Parliament was postponed and had to sit in October at Oxford, the increase of the plague being so dreadful. Court cases were also moved from Westminster to Oxford. From the time of the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, the conditions in London for the poor pressed people into migrating. The Virginia colonists were still struggling with the Indians in America while foraging a better life-style for themselves. When researching the parish records, it is notable that generations of families attended the same London parish house. In some rare instances, records survived back to the early 1500's, however, one must bear in mind that Henry VIII tore down monastaries and other Catholic churches during his reign and that the Church of England records begin somewhere around 1530.
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